This includes improving the accuracy of language, the flow, the organisation and structure, the condensation and the overall readability of the text. It also involves checking for grammatical and spelling errors like in proofreading, just editing takes a deeper look at how information and ideas are presented.

We found there is always room for improvement, and with our Editing we turn a good text into a great one. Hence, a document should be edited at least once before it is proofread.

As you will find below, we have broken down our editing services into five categories.

However, editing and publishing today embrace such a variety of ever-changing processes, services and providers that it is no wonder the field suffers from a lexicon with rather ambiguous terms.
If you were hoping to finally figure out here the difference between substantive editing and stylistic editing, for instance, we must disappoint you because there just are no industry-wide definitions of editing types that everyone would agree on.
Even the bastions of the editorial industry cannot even agree on whether to spell the term ‘copyediting’, ‘copy-editing’, or probably ‘copy editing’.

So how do you talk to an editor about what your text needs if you can’t even be sure you’re talking about the same services?
The potential for confusing terminology and misapprehension notwithstanding, the crucial necessity is in fact that both client and editor understand the task and instructions in the same way.

With clear communication as our goal, in the following, we are offering our definitions of the various editorial functions that we at AVALON carry out. It is what each service means in our proven practice. Please do not consider these definitions universally definitive.
We will advise you and always clarify with you in detail what should be carried out on your project. In order to avoid confusion at a later stage, we will agree with you exactly what our editing remit will encompass.

Please note that all our services descriptions here are only meant as a rough outline.
Upon genuine further interest on your part, we will be happy to provide you with more detailed information and work out a specific proposal tailored to your needs.

AVALON’s various Specialist Editing categories:

• Project Editing
• Substantive Editing
• Stylistic Editing
• Copyediting
• Production Editing

“Passion for precision”

Project Editing

Project Editing can take on many different meanings depending on what needs to be edited. It may involve just looking over the timeline or up to full scheduling for project completion and making the necessary adjustments.
As project editors, we can manage the entire project and may appoint all members of the editorial team. The process might also entail development responsibilities.

The following are typical project editor duties:

• Scheduling and tracking
• Reviewing all aspects of the editorial process and enforcing consistent standards throughout
• Ensuring communication among all members of the editorial team, including the designer and any illustrators

Development aspects may include consultation before the writing begins, help in planning the organisation, features, and other aspects of the work, preparation of developmental reviews or analyses, and the following:

• Suggesting formats to communicate the message
• Rewriting and restructuring existing text to fit the format
• Identifying gaps in content, and creating copy as needed
• Moving entire paragraphs and sentences to improve the flow
• Ensuring consistent structure by adding or deleting headings
• Determining the style and general content of any illustrations/diagrams
• Deleting content that is outdated, superfluous or that does not achieve the desired focus or tone

All of this means looking at the big picture of the project, helping plan the design, structure and outline of the manuscript. This process is the most time-consuming phase of the whole editing.
AVALON Project Editing provides a valuable objective look and overview, development, guidance, and support through the writing or rewriting process.

Substantive Editing

Substantive Editing is the most intensive form of editing and the first step in the actual editorial process. Some also appear to call it Content Editing, Structural Editing, or Comprehensive Editing.

Anyway, AVALON Substantive Editing deals with the general organisation and presentation of the text, as well as the content itself to make it clear, coherent, engaging, and complete. The process evaluates the overall style, content and formatting of the document in order to optimise its visual design and comprehensibility. At this stage, we are not concerned with grammar and spelling.
Substantive Editing is complex and subjective. It aims to ensure that the structure, content, language, style, and presentation of the document are suitable for its intended purpose and readership. Not all texts require the same amount of Substantive Editing, but most can benefit significantly from the critical eye of a substantive editor.

• Substantive Editing begins with an analysis of who will use the document and for what purpose.

Then it moves on to improving the manuscript in any or all of the following ways:

• Identifying and solving problems of overall clarity or accuracy
• Ensuring the information is complete and appropriate, and determine whether additional material or reader aids
(such as illustrative material, glossary, or index) are required
• Reorganising paragraphs, sections, or chapters to improve the order in which the text is presented
• Ensuring the document contains appropriate navigation aids, such as headings or internal links
• Assigning new levels to headings in order to achieve the most logical structure
• Smoothing transitions and moving sentences to improve readability
• Writing or rewriting segments of text (only) to improve readability and flow of information
• Suggesting and sometimes implementing additions and deletions, noting them at sentence and paragraph-level
• Revising any or all aspects of the text to improve its overall presentation
• Consulting with others about issues of concern
• Incorporating responses to queries and suggestions in creating a new draft of the document

Once the Substantive Editing is complete, the document is – if applicable – off to the writer for revisions, before being passed on to our Stylistic Editing, Copyediting and Proofreading teams later on.

Stylistic Editing

Stylistic Editing, also called Line Editing, gets down to the nitty-gritty, looking at every sentence, and checking the choice of every word. We may cut superfluous words and make sentences more concise. The focus of AVALON Stylistic Editing here is always on the style and tone of the writing.

• Checking that the presentation is simple and effective
• Ensuring language and form are appropriate to the readership
• Ensuring information and arguments are presented clearly and unambiguously
• Deleting any unnecessary repetitions, as well as redundancies and contradictions
• Correcting incorrect word usage
• Eliminating wordiness, triteness, repetition, and inappropriate jargon
• Improving awkward phrasing
• Enforcing consistency in tone and writing style
• Ensuring consistency in spelling, hyphenation, numerals, fonts, and capitalisation
• Ensuring document title and all headings accurately reflect content
• Ensuring that previews, summaries, and end-of-chapter questions reflect content
• Ensuring appropriate referencing is included
• Cross-checking references, lists, tables, figures, equations, and other features for consistency
with their mentions in the text
• Checking placement, clarity and sequencing of lists, tables, figures and other illustrative material, also
checking against textual references
• Ensuring that explanations of symbols, abbreviations, and terms are incorporated in the text or glossary
• Preparing a style sheet that documents style and format

Now the document is ready for Copyediting.

Copyediting

Where with Stylistic Editing we ensure that the writing is “polished”, Copyediting makes the writing clean and correct. It aims to achieve overall accuracy, clarity, and consistency in a document. Therefore, the process scrutinises grammar, spelling, punctuation, syntax, and word usage. It also checks for internal consistency of facts and style.

The process namely is about:

Appropriate use of language:
Correcting faulty spelling, grammar, and punctuation
Checking for correct and appropriate:
• Grammar
• Syntax
• Spelling
• Punctuation
• Clarity of expression
This might include some rewording of sentences just to ensure that the meaning is clear.

Consistency:

• Language consistency – ensuring consistency in terms of:
• Language and structural parallelism
• Terms used
• Spelling
• Capitalisation
• Hyphenation
• Abbreviations
• Expression of numbers and quantitative data
• References

• Visual consistency – ensuring consistent and appropriate format in terms of:
• Typography
• Heading hierarchy
• Page layout
• Figures
• Tables and captions

Accuracy:
• Verifying the accuracy of dates, model numbers, quotations, and hypertext links

References:
• Checking accuracy of cross-references within text / between text and figures / between lists of contents and body of document
• Ensuring conformity and completeness in textual and bibliographic references and citations
• Confirming sources have been acknowledged and copyright law has been followed

Conformity with style sheet:
• If no house style has been set yet, our editors will, in consultation with you, adopt or devise a style sheet that is internally consistent and in line with accepted practice.

With every finished manuscript, it is important to meticulously and systematically go through it and retrieve those mistakes. No matter how confident even an experienced writer is that the text is mistake-free, highly likely there are mistakes in there. A lot of data is available on this, but it is believed that average people only detect about 60 percent of errors, and even professionals usually only catch about 85 percent.
That’s why Copyediting and the next stage of editing, the Proofreading, should be in tandem.
The kinds of mistakes we catch with AVALON Copyediting are not life-threatening, however, they make the difference between a professional text and one that comes across as amateur.

Production Editing

In Production Editing, we don’t focus on the words as much as the technical aspects of developing a manuscript into a “publishable product”. Production editors are responsible for the process of putting out a publication, overseeing the production processes and content of publications.
This challenging task spans from the final manuscript through to print-ready files. It includes many duties and requires vast experience as an editor, a bachelor’s degree, and proven managerial skills because in many ways, this is project management.

AVALON production editors are passionate and don’t mind working in a stressful, fast-paced office setting, with sometimes long, unusual hours to meet strict deadlines. Much of their work is done on computers, reviewing content, making edits, and collaborating with contacts electronically. They often balance several projects simultaneously, while managing other staff members and ensuring goals are met on time and on budget.

Production Editing involves managing the entire production process from manuscript status to the finished product, including:

• Scheduling and tracking the entire production process
• Planning a publication’s budget, incl. paying vendors, contracted providers and any freelancers, also keeping a log of expenses
• Negotiating contracts with service providers, such as illustrators, photo researchers, permissions researchers, designers or
typesetters, and awarding work
• Commissioning and managing service providers and hired freelancers
• Appointing and supervising the team of editors and designers
• Incorporating the author’s replies to queries
• Reviewing material, and finalising published materials
• Ensuring the quality of typography, layout, and manufacturing
• Executing administrative procedures (such as registration of copyright)

Whether you are a client from the publication industry – be it a newspaper, magazine, Web publication, publishing company and broadcasting station – or a corporate or private client, we will ensure that your product will have a shiny, pleasing and professional appearance at the publishing date.

A note of well-meant advice: If you’ll be self-publishing, a book for instance, you will most likely need complete editing to create a competitive commercial title. Your work will be in direct competition with thousands of professional-calibre books, produced by career writers and editors. Self-publishing means assuming the responsibilities of a traditional publisher yourself. It does not mean that you can expect success from offering a Do-It-Yourself project for sale in a professional marketplace.
If you don’t have a huge budget for a fully comprehensive edit, we should be able to find alternatives to help you reach your publishing goals on your budget to still get you across the finish line with a professional product.

Whatever your specific project and situation, take a look at the various features of our AVALON Editing services, and let’s talk about how we can bring clarity to your manuscript and success to your writing.

  “It’s never too late – in writing or in life – to revise”